There are six characteristics of planning which are of prime importance: The use of available resources as economical as possible, so as to achieve the greater possible measures of improvement within limited resources. Sustainability means that there should be a balance between people and resources. Use of resources in such a way that the environment should not

It is the combination of physical, mathematical, and computer laws and techniques to predict the behavior of solid materials that are subjected to mechanical or thermal loadings. It is the branch of mechanics that deals with the behavior of solid matter under external actions. The external actions may be: External Force Temperature Change Displacement

Mass transit system refers to public shared transportation, such as trains, buses, ferries etc that can commute a larger number of passengers from origin to destination on a no-reserved basis and in lesser time. It can also be termed as Public Transport. Rapid transit is an important form of mass transit such as subways and surface light rail systems, designed for

Although the best type of surface course is pre-mix carpet for highway maintenance. The surface treatment methods are employed when: Intensity of traffic is not very high. the pro-mix mixers are not easily available due to long transportation or technical reasons. when the cost is high.

Preserving and keeping each type of roadway, roadside, structures as nearly as possible in its original condition as constructed or as subsequently improved and the operation of highway facilities and services to provide satisfactory and safe transportation, is called maintenance of Highways or Road Maintenance. Surface maintenance