Irrigation Efficiency - Definition and Its Types
The ratio of the amount of water available (output) to the amount of water supplied (input) is known as Irrigation Efficiency. It is expressed in percentage. The following are the various types of irrigation efficiencies: (a) Water Conveyance Efficiency: (ηc). (b) Water Application Efficiency: (ηa). (c) Water Use Efficiency (ηu): (d) Consumptive use Efficiency (ηcu):
Methods of Improving and Factors Affecting Duty of Water
If the soil of the canal bed is porous and coarse grained, it leads to more seepage loss and consequently low duty. If it consists of alluvial soil, the percolation loss will be less and the soil retains the moisture for longer period and consequently the duty will be high.... When the
Sources of Irrigation Water - Ground Water & Surface Water
Irrigation is a vital component of agricultural practices, enabling farmers to provide water to their crops and ensure optimal growth and productivity. The availability and accessibility of water for irrigation purposes depend on various sources, with two primary sources being groundwater and surface water. Understanding the
Methods of Estimation of Consumptive Use of Water
To measure or estimation the consumptive use there are two main methods: Direct Methods/Field Methods Empirical Methods Pan evaporation method. In this method of estimation of water consumptive use, soil moisture measurements are taken before and after each irrigation.
Introduction & History of Irrigation Engineering
Irrigation is the controlled application of water to croplands. Its primary objective is to create an optimal soil moisture regime for maximizing crop production and quality while at the same time minimizing the environmental degradation inherent in irrigation of agricultural lands. Irrigation is thus critical for food security in semi-arid and arid areas. Irrigation has two
Crop Water Requirement in Irrigation and Evaluation of Water Losses
It is defined as, "The quantity of water required by a crop in a given period of time for normal growth under field conditions." It includes evaporation and other unavoidable wastes. Usually water requirement for crop is expressed in water depth per unit area. The first thing you need to
Importance of Irrigation Engineering - Purposes, Objectives and Benefits
In the next 35-45- years, world food production will need to double to meet the demands of increased population. 90% of this increased food production will have to come from existing lands. 70% of this increased food production will have to come from irrigated land
Factors Affecting Crop Water Requirements
A certain crop grown in a sunny and hot climate needs more water per day than the same crop grown in a cloudy and cooler climate. There are, however, apart from sunshine and temperature, other climatic factors which influence the crop water need. These factors are humidity and wind
Classification of Irrigation Schemes
Irrigation Projects include storage dams, diversion works, barrages, lift irrigation schemes and tube wells. Irrigation Projects are divided into the following three categories viz., Major, Medium and Minor Projects. The criteria of classification is as under: Projects having CCA more than 10,000 ha. are classified as Major Projects Projects having CCA more than 2000 ha.
