Liquid Limit Device ‑ a mechanical device consisting of a brass cup suspended from a carriage designed to control its drop onto a hard rubber base. The device may be operated by either a hand crank or electric motor. Cup ‑ brass with mass (including cup hanger) of 185 to 215 g. Cam ‑ designed to raise the cup smoothly and continuously to its maximum height

A length of tube was connected to the calibrator drain and laid into the channel to prevent spillage of water on the bench top. The calibrator was leveled by the adjusting feel whilst observing the spirit level.

Concrete is very versatile material. It can be cast in place with or without reinforcement. It can also be precast or prestressed in order to achieve the required strength. In order to achieve the required strength. There is the need of proper understanding of its behavior and constituents that are making the concrete. Any type of negligence in any of its phase like placement, design & maintenance

The resistance offered by a structure to undesirable movement like sliding, collapsing and over turning etc is called stability. STABLE STRUCTURES: A stricter is said to be stable if it can resist the applied load without moving OR A structure is said to be stable if it has sufficient number of reactions to resist the load without moving. UNSTABLE STRUCTURE A structure which has

General Notes Typical sections Foundation excavation plan Footing sections