Ductility is the property of bitumen that permits it to undergo great deformation or elongation. Ductility is defined as the distance in cm, to which a standard sample or briquette of the material will be elongated without breaking. Dimension of the briquette thus formed is exactly 1 cm square. The bitumen sample is heated and poured in the molds assembly placed on a plate.

A soil shear failure can result in excessive building distortion and even collapse. Excessive settlements can result in structural damage to a building frame nuisances such as sticking doors and windows, cracks in tile and plaster, and excessive wear or

To study the shear stress ~ shear strain behavior of the material. To study the failure pattern of these materials in torsion. To determine the mechanical properties, e.g, Modulus of elasticity, Modulus of rigidity, Shear strength, shear strain and ductility in torsion.

A machine used to test specimens for tensile strength, compressive strength, shear strength and to perform bend test along other important laboratory tests. The primary use of the testing machine is to create the stress strain diagram. Once the diagram is generated, a pencil and straight edge or computer algorithm can be used to calculate yield strength,

It is the distribution or division of land (in town planning) into particular zones based upon some criteria or principles. The principles of zoning include the following elements which are given importance while zoning an area. Concentric growth: The growth of buildings which spread from a center in all directions is called concentric growth. These types of buildings