Transportation, Water and Waste water, Waste Management, Energy production and distribution, Buildings, Recreation facilities, Communication. Transportation: Ground transportation (roads, bridges, tunnels, railroads) 
 Air transportation (airports, heliports, ground facilities, air-traffic control) 
 Waterways and ports (inland waterways, shipping channels, terminals, dry docks, sea

Microsimulation models track individual vehicle movements on a second or sub second basis. Microsimulation relies on random numbers to generate vehicles, select routing decisions, and determine behavior. Because of this variation, it is necessary to run the model several times with different random number seeds to obtain the desired accuracy. There will be a

Urban drainage systems are needed in an area because of interaction between human activity and natural water cycle. This interaction has two main forms; The abstraction of water from the natural cycle to provide water supply for human life; Covering of land with impermeable surfaces that divert rainwater away from the local natural system of drainage. If untreated

Flexural strength is one measure of the tensile strength of concrete. It is a measure of an un-reinforced concrete beam or slab to resist failure in bending. It is measured by loading 6 x 6 inch (150 x 150-mm) concrete beams with a span length at least three times the depth. The flexural strength is expressed as Modulus of Rupture (MR) in psi (MPa) and is determined

The type of flow in which the particles move in a straight line in the form of a thin parallel sheets is known as the Laminar flow. Laminar flow denotes a steady condition where all stream lines follow parallel paths. Under this condition, the dye