Microbial Metabolism in Biological Waste Water Treatment
Carbon and Energy Sources for Microbial Growth: Organism must have sources of energy, carbon for synthesis of new cellular material, and inorganic elements (nutrients) such as nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium and magnesium; Carbon Sources: Organisms that use organic carbon for formation of new biomass are called heterotrophs; Organisms that derive cell carbon from carbon dioxide are called autotrophs
Biological De-Nitrification Process in Waste Water Treatment System
Biological reduction of nitrate to nitric oxide, nitrousoxide, and nitrogen gas. Involves both nitrification and denitrification. Biological nitrogen removal (BNR) is more cost effective and used more often as compared to ammonia stripping, breakpoint chlorination and ion exchange; BNR is used in wastewater treatment where: there are concerns for eutrophication;
Biological Nitrification Process in Waste Water Treatment System
Total concentration of organic and ammonia nitrogen in municipal wastewater in the range 25‐ 45 mg/L as nitrogen based on flowrate of 450 L/capita.d (120 gal/capita.d). With limited water supplies, total nitrogen in excess of 200 mg/L as N measured in domestic wastewater. Drinking water maximum MCL for nitrate nitrogen is 45 mg/L as nitrate or 10
Types of Settling in Waste Water Treatment Plants
Discrete, non-flocculent particles in a dilute suspension - settle as separate units, and there is no apparent flocculation or interaction between the particles - settling of sand particles in grit chambers. Settling of flocculent particles in a dilute suspension - flocculate during settling and increase in size and settle at a faster velocity - settling in primary
Factors Affecting Site Selection for Waste Water Treatment Systems
The planning design engineer, when selecting sites for recreational treatment facilities, must ensure that the planned facility will not cause interference or detractions from the natural, scenic, aesthetic, scientific, or historical value of the area. In addition, topographic, geological, hydrogeologic, and atmospheric factors and conditions must be considered
Sanitary & Environmental Science Engineering Definitions
Sanitary engineering is the application of scientific or mathematical principles with to the field of sanitation, especially in regards to its effect on public health. Sanitation is the hygienic means of preventing human contact from the hazards of wastes to promote health. Wastewater is any water that has been adversely affected in quality by anthropogenic influence. It
Purpose and Methods of Treatment of WasteWater
The prehistoric and the Old civilization established themselves near water sources. While the importance of water quantity for drinking purposes was apparent to our ancestors treatment processes was not well known. Water treatment originally focused on improving the aesthetic and Sight qualities of drinking. Ancient Sanskrit & Ancient Greek writings
Types of WasteWater Treatment Ponds
Based upon the range of biological reactions occurring in pounds there are three types of ponds. Aerobic (high-rate) pond in which there is no significant anaerobic or sludge zone. Anaerobic ponds, in which the contribution of any possible aerobic surface layer is small. Oxidation ponds (so called facultative or aerobic anaerobic pond in which have the whole range of reactionDefinition of various Waste Water flow rates
Qavg is the daily average flow based on yearly data.. Normally, the treatment units are designed on the basis of daily average flow while peak and minimum flows are used to check the capacities of basin and conduits in extreme flow condition. Mass Loading Factor takes care for the fluctuation in wastewater flows and the respective characteristics loading parameters.Design of Screening Devices and Its Types
Located at the intakes from river, lakes & reservoirs for water treatment plant or at wet well into which main trunk sewer discharge for waste water treatment plant. They are also located before the pumps in storm water & waste water pumping plant. In case of industrial waste water treatment there is usually no need of such equipment. These devises remove the coarseReactors of Waste Water Treatment
Units are the vessels or basin that holds wastewater for the treatment by chemical or biological processes. They can be of any shape. Depending upon the flow and operating conditions and the methods of mixing of the wastewater therein, the reactors have the following main types; Continuous-Flow Stirred Tank Reactor (CFSTR) or Completely-Mix Reactor:Quality of Sewage - Chemical, Physical and Biological Characteristics
The physical characteristics of wastewater include those items that can be detected using the physical senses. They are temperature, color, odor, and solids. Sewage contains both organic and inorganic chemicals in addition to various gases like H2S, CO2, CH4, and NH3 etc that are formed due to the decomposition of sewage. The chemical characteristics of wastewater of
What is Disinfection and Methods of Disinfection of Water
In the water treatment processes, pathogens & other organisms can be partly physically eliminated through coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, & filtration, in addition to the natural die-off. After filtration, to ensure pathogen free water, the chemical addition of chlorine (so called chlorination), rightly or wrongly, is most widely used for disinfection of drinking water
Why Urban Drainage Systems are necessary
Urban drainage systems are needed in an area because of interaction between human activity and natural water cycle. This interaction has two main forms; The abstraction of water from the natural cycle to provide water supply for human life; Covering of land with impermeable surfaces that divert rainwater away from the local natural system of drainage. If untreated
