The development of a plastic stress distribution over the cross-section can be hindered by two different length effects: A simply supported beam can be subjected to gravity transverse loading. Due to this loading the beam will deflect downward and its upper part will be placed in compression and hence will act as compression member. Beams are generally

Shearing Failure of Bolts Bearing Failure of plate Tearing failure at edge of plate

Take at least 25g of soil which has been passed through sieve#4 and place it in an oven at fixed temperature of 105-110C0for 24hours to dry it completely. Clean and dry the pycnometer thoroughly and find its mass (M1). Find the mass (M2) of pycnometer by placing dried soil in it. Add sufficient quantity of water to fill the pycnometer up to the given mark and then

Steel fibers are short discontinues strips of specially manufactured steel.Their inclusion in the concrete improves the mechanical properties of concrete significantly. As the most common matrix, which is now in use in construction industry is Reinforced Cement Concrete. Reinforced cement concrete is combination of steel, cement, aggregates & water. Concrete acts

Separate cross sections of all walls. Each cross section should clearly show the size of block used (i. e. 4, 6, 8, or 10 inch) for the building inspector and installer. Each cross section should show the wall heights involved for every storey... Vertical and horizontal reinforcing steel bar sizes, spacing and grade of steel should be clearly marked for every storey in each wall cross