Course Outline for Bridge Engg Spring 2009 a. Video Files: Anchor-Block.MPG BROOKLYN(FULL).MPG GoldenGate(Full).MPG History.MPG INTRODUTION.MPG Stone-Arch-action.MPG Tacoma-narrow.MPG Truss-action.MPG b. LectureNo.1.pptLectureNo.1-A.pptLectureNo.2.pptLecture No.1AUpdatedLecture No. 2Updated Lecture No.3Lecture No.3

Hydropower is globally recognized as a renewable, cheap and reliable resource of energy. It generates electricity with zero emission and produces no waste. There is no requirement of fuel, operating cost is much lower and hydropower plants have longer economic lives than thermal plants. Pakistan is endowed with a Hydel potential of more than 40,000 MW. However,

The intersection of the lines passing through the original center of buoyancy and center of gravity of the body and the vertical line through the new center of buoyancy.

Vibrations caused by earthquakes generate additional loading. Shear stresses develop which cause damage to structural elements. Since masonry, which can be stressed relatively high in compression, is weak in resisting bending and shear, collapse is often the result. The different failures modes of masonry are:

Geological cycle includes many processes acting simultaneously. The most important of these begin with molten magma from within the earth forming into rock, then continue with rocks being broken down into soil, and that soil being converted back into rock.