Many precipitation stations have short breaks in their records because of absence of the observers or instrumental failure. It is must to estimate this missing record. The following method is adjusted for estimating this missing rainfall data.

The scale of the photograph is expressed as a representative fraction. (A scale having the importance that we can take it in any unit). Knowing the height of the airplanes above the datum and the focal length of the camera.

Due to increase in the scope of civil engineering with the passage of time, it has now got diversified into many branches of study. Some of the significant ones include structural engineering, geotechnical engineering, transportation engineering, hydraulic engineering, environmental engineering and a few more important areas of study.

The soil suspension is opaque, so take the readings corresponding to the upper level of meniscus. The time interval between readings should be such that the hydrometer is stable at the time of next reading

Material has major role in the creation of anything which makes it comfortable, durable, valuable, precious and beautiful. According to ancient scholars myth everything in universe has been made of four elements i.e. Air, Fire, Soil and Water. Here we will talk about the role of material in construction of buildings and buildings requirements. In the construction of any building there