Silt and Clay are considered to be smaller family members of soil group, Even small amounts of fines can have significant effects on the engineering properties of soils. If as little as 10 percent of the particles in sand and gravel are smaller than the No.200 sieve size, the soil can be virtually impervious, especially when the coarse grains are well graded. Silica is decided to be

Experimental testing may be adequate to determine the seismic performance of a single building. However, it is not feasible to determine the seismic performance of a building stock, located in a city, by experimentally testing their representative models. Therefore, seismic performance of a building stock located in a city is evaluated by using a technique known as

The side channel design is concerned only with the hydraulic action in the upstream reach of the discharge channel and is more or less independent of the details selected for the other spillway components. Flows from the side channel can be directed into an open discharge channel or into a closed conduit or inclined tunnel. Flow into the side channel might enter the trough

Coastal structures are the structures that are constructed near to the coastal areas for different purposes. Different types of coastal structures are constructed under different circumstances but the criteria to be used for the selection and design of specific type of coastal structure must be authentic and comply with the standards.

Condition of equilibrium for vertical parallel forces acting on a body is Sum of all the force s should be zero. It should satisfy the principle of moments . If we take moment about a point on moments should be equal to anti clockwise moments.