For 2008 Olympics games the vision of international teams of architects and engineers called for an adventure of steel and concrete made with modern techniques. Its steel roof is 320m long and 297m wide. It accommodated 91000 spectators to see 200 countries competing. When Beijing was selected as the venue of 2008 Olympic games, in 2002, Chinese officials announced

Bamboo is one of the oldest building materials. If we see in history, bamboo was used for construction of houses in areas where there was abundance of plants especially in South America, Africa& south East Asia. Bamboo usually grows at temperature of 250C to 500C.The ideal place for growth of bamboo is fully water free area. These trees usually grow on sandy soil

A subsurface drain, generally perpendicular to the roadway alignment, designed to drain infiltrated water. Often needed at bridge abutments, toll plazas, and across the road on long downgrades. The main purpose of the cross-drain is to channel water from above the path to the lower side. The source of the water may be from small streams, springs, mossy

A small scale power plant that generates electricity using the energy potential of water. Micro-hydro power plants convert the energy of flowing water into electrical energy. The energy produced by them is renewable & the process does not emit polluting gasses.

The pulling out of steel bars from concrete is resisted by the gripping action of concrete known as bond and the resulting stress is called bond stress. The resistance offered to slipping of bars is due to three factors: 1. The chemical adhesion between the two materials. 2. The friction due to natural roughness of bars. 3. The mechanical anchorage of the closely spaced