There are two soil classification systems in common use for engineering purposes. The Unified Soil Classification System is used for virtually all geotechnical engineering work except highway and road construction, where the AASHTO soil classification system is used. Both systems use the results of grain size analysis and determinations of Atterberg limits to

The grain size characteristics of soils that are predominantly coarse grained are evaluated by a sieve analysis. A nest of sieves is prepared by stacking test sieves one above the other with the largest opening at the top followed by sieves of successively smaller openings and a catch pan at the bottom. Opening mesh sizes of commonly used sieves are shown in table

In 1929 Terzaghi (The Father of Soil Mechanics) conducted experiments on the retaining wall and showed the relation of pressure on the wall if wall changes its position i.e to move inwards to the backfill, outwards of it or remain at its place. There are three types of earth pressures on the basis of the movement of the wall. Earth Pressure at rest, Active Earth Pressure,

Many bacteria are found in water. most of them are totally harmless (non pathogenic) and few are harmful (pathogenic), which causes diseases e.g. typhoid, fever, parathyphoid, dysentery, and cholera etc. The ground water at great depths is free from these bacteria. The sanitary engineer is not concerning all of them. The Coliform group is one of

Place Approximately 500ml Of Sample In a clean blender bowl and homogenizze at high speed for two minutes. blending the sample ensures a auniforum distribution of suspended solids and thus improves the accuracy of test results. Holding the vial by the cap