Distinguished by their relative stability under wheel loads when confined, by their high permeability and by their low shrinkage and expansion in deter mental amount with change in moisture content.

Select all beams in this storey. Select insertion point to center. Draw single element of area. Select area.

It is always better to remove the contaminant and clean the concrete surface as soon as possible because if it penetrates into the concrete, the removal of stains may be more difficult. To reduce the risk of contaminants penetrating into the concrete and make stain removal easier, a suitable sealer can be applied to the concrete surface when new or after cleaning.

Option>preference> concrete frame design ACI-2003. Define> material concrete, modify, f’c =4 ksi, fy=60ksi. Define > area section, modify, name= slab6. Thickness= 6”

Conventional design process is normally based on the ‘local’ structural elements (column, beam, floor slabs, wall, etc.) But theoretical and experimental studies have shown that structural systems cannot be considered to be a simple collection of individual elements. The responses of the structure is often more than the ‘sum’ of the responses of individual elements since