All Civil Engineering Course Contents Articles, Notes and Learning Material

A measure which indicates how closely the coordinates of a point in Ordnance Survey map data agree with the true National Grid coordinates of the same point on the ground. As the true position can never be known exactly, the statistic is quoted relative to the best known position determined by precise survey methods. A coordinate pair or triplate measured directly from

Distinguished by their relative stability under wheel loads when confined, by their high permeability and by their low shrinkage and expansion in deter mental amount with change in moisture content.

Select all beams in this storey. Select insertion point to center. Draw single element of area. Select area.

It is always better to remove the contaminant and clean the concrete surface as soon as possible because if it penetrates into the concrete, the removal of stains may be more difficult. To reduce the risk of contaminants penetrating into the concrete and make stain removal easier, a suitable sealer can be applied to the concrete surface when new or after cleaning.