Defined as the "biological decomposition of biodegradable organic constituents of waste under controlled conditions to a state sufficiently stable for nuisance-free storage & handling and for safe use in land applications". About 70% of municipal solid waste is decomposable or compostable.

The physical characteristics of wastewater include those items that can be detected using the physical senses. They are temperature, color, odor, and solids. Sewage contains both organic and inorganic chemicals in addition to various gases like H2S, CO2, CH4, and NH3 etc that are formed due to the decomposition of sewage. The chemical characteristics of wastewater of

Aggregates form the major portion of the pavement structure. Bear stresses occurring on the roads and have to resist wear due to abrasive action of traffic. Aggregates are also used in flexible as well as in rigid pavements. Therefore, the properties of aggregates are of considerable importance to highway. The aggregates to be used in road construction, particularly

Wood is the oldest material used by humans for construction after stone. Despite its complex chemical nature, wood has excellent properties which lend themselves to human use. It is readily and economically available; easily machinable; amenable to fabrication into an infinite variety of sizes and shapes using simple on-site building techniques; Exceptionally strong relative

A Project is a job that has a beginning and an end (time), a specified outcome ( scope) at a stated level of quality (performance), and a budget (cost). A project is a temporary effort to create a unique product or service. Projects usually include constraints and risks