The Woodrow Wilson bridge spans the Potomac River on the outskirts of Washington DC and connects the states of Maryland and Virginia. The bridge carries the I-95, the most heavily traveled road on the East cost of the United States. The Woodrow Wilson Bridge is 6,736 feet (2,053 m) long and 70 feet (21 m) high.

As the GSHP systems have relatively high installation costs, it is important that geological data and knowledge is available so that costs can be minimized. Furthermore, detailed geological information like surface and sub-surface temperature, thermal properties of the soil, water table, flow direction and type of soil etc. is also required for efficient design of the system.

Ground source heat pump systems provide a viable alternative to conventional heating and cooling systems in the move towards sustainable building solutions. The most important factor for successful operation of a ground loop heat system is the rate of heat transfer between the pipe and surrounding soil.

Chain survey is the simplest method of surveying. In this survey only measurements are taken in the field, and the rest work, such as plotting calculation etc. are done in the office. This is most suitable adapted to small plane areas with very few details. If carefully done, it gives quite accurate results. The necessary requirements for field work are chain, tape, ranging rod, arrows and sometime cross staff.

Defects in concrete can often be related to the lack of durability of the concrete, resulting from the composition of the concrete, poor placement practices, poor Quality Control or the aggressive environment in which it is placed. Cracking, Spalling, Scaling, Honeycombing, Settlement, Alkali Aggregate Reactions, Piping, Loss of binding paste.