Physical Characteristics of Sewage
Following are the detailed physical characteristics of Sewage: Temperature, Color, Odor, Solids, Total Solids, Total suspended Solids, Fixed and Volatile Solids. Oxygen is less soluble in warm water, while some species of aquatic life population increases with temperature causing more demand of oxygen and result in depletion of dissolved oxygen in summer.Types of Grit Chambers in Waste Water Treatment
Check the SLR (1200-1700 m3/m2-day) and Vs (≥ 0.01 m/sec). Grit produced is about 1.5 ft3/ML of wastewater flow. Add to depth {1ft FB + grit}... Assume a depth (D = 08-15 ft), determine the surface area of the basin. And check the SLR (1200-1700 m3/m2-day)... The amount of grit produced is about 1.5 ft3/ML of wastewater flow. Add suitable depth fromAdvantages & Disadvantages of Comminutors
Elimination of extra steps and problems involved in the excavation of the disposals of screening (screened material) Often difficult to dispose highly polluted screenings - In USA if buried, 6 inches of cover material should be usedDefinitions in Waste Water Treatment
It is the measure of the settleability and compatibility of sludge and is made from a laboratory column setting test. The sludge volume index is defined as ‘the volume in mm occupied by 1 gm of sludge after it has settled for a specified period of time’ generally ranging from 20 min to 1 or 2 hr in a 1 – or 2-l cylinder.
What is the Composition of Wastewater?
A typical solids analysis of wastewater, of the total solids, 50% is dissolved, 50% suspended. Of the suspended solids, 50% will settle. Industrial activity changes the composition of wastewater, often introducing toxic substances such as chromium and cadmium from plating operations. The typical composition of wastewater based on strength. The important characteristics
Food to Microorganisms Ratio (F/M)
The Food to Microorganisms Ratio (F/M ratio) is a key parameter used in wastewater treatment processes to assess the organic loading rate and efficiency of the treatment system. It represents the ratio of the amount of organic food (measured as Chemical Oxygen Demand or Biochemical Oxygen Demand) entering the system to the quantity of microorganisms (typically measured as Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids or MLSS) present in the treatment process.
Uses & Design of Flow Equalization Tank
Flow equalization is method used to overcome the operational problems and flow rate variations to improve the performance of downstream processes and to reduce the size & cost of downstream treatment facilities. To prevent flow rate, temperature, and contaminant concentrations from varying widely, flow equalization is often used. Variations occurTo Measure COD of WasteWater using Open Reflux Method
KMn04 was used as oxidizing agent for many time pb with KMno4 was that different value of COD obtained due to strength change of KMno4. BOD value obtained greater than COD with KMno4 means KMno4 was not oxidizing all the substances.
Public Health Engineering
The public health engineering sector is responsible for the Collection of water, purification, transmission and distribution of water. A Public Health Engineer has to perform his job by calculating design flow, design population, design area and population density. Quality of the collected water is checked by physical and chemical tests on water and if the quantity is not
Population Forecasting Methods & Techniques
Population is one of the most important factors for design of the water systems, so it should be estimated, so as to know the increasing demand and ensure continuous supply to them. Population data is obtained by previous records and the rate of increase is found out and this used for further analysis, which may be by using the methods described belowSectoral Consumption of Water
Domestic uses of water include the consumption of water for drinking, washing, cooking, toilets, livestock etc. the domestic average use per capita per day is 50 – 90 gallons (70 – 380 liters per capita per day).Factors Affecting Selection of Water Source
The quantity of water available at the source must be sufficient to meet various demands and requirements of the design population during the entire design period. Plans should be made to bring water from other sources if the available water is insufficient. The water available at the source must not be toxic, poisonous or in anyway injurious to health. The impuritiesSources of Fresh Water in Environmentl Engg.
The quantity of water available at the source must be sufficient to meet various demands and requirements of the design population during the entire design period. Plans should be made to bring water from other sources if the available water is insufficient.Chemical Characteristics of Water
Hardness is the property that makes water require more soap to produce a foam or lather. The hardness of water is not harmful to human health but can be precipitated by heating so can produce damaging effects in boilers, hot pipes, etc by depositing the material and reducing the water storage and carrying capacity. Absolute soft water on the other hand is not acceptable
